Global Matrix 4.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Adolescents: Results and Analyses From 57 Countries.

BACKGROUND: The Global Matrix 4.0 on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents was developed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the global variation in children's and adolescents' (5-17 y) PA, related measures, and key sources of influence. The objectives of this article were (1) to summarize the findings from the Global Matrix 4.0 Report Cards, (2) to compare indicators across countries, and (3) to explore trends related to the Human Development Index and geo-cultural regions. METHODS: A total of 57 Report Card teams followed a harmonized process to grade the 10 common PA indicators. An online survey was conducted to collect Report Card Leaders' top 3 priorities for each PA indicator and their opinions on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted child and adolescent PA indicators in their country. RESULTS: Overall Physical Activity was the indicator with the lowest global average grade (D), while School and Community and Environment were the indicators with the highest global average grade (C+). An overview of the global situation in terms of surveillance and prevalence is provided for all 10 common PA indicators, followed by priorities and examples to support the development of strategies and policies internationally. CONCLUSIONS: The Global Matrix 4.0 represents the largest compilation of children's and adolescents' PA indicators to date. While variation in data sources informing the grades across countries was observed, this initiative highlighted low PA levels in children and adolescents globally. Measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, local/international conflicts, climate change, and economic change threaten to worsen this situation.

Association between Physical Literacy and Self-Perceived Fitness Level in Children and Adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Physical fitness is considered a predictor of mortality and comorbidities resulting from physical inactivity in children and adolescents. Physical literacy provides a robust and comprehensive assessment of physical fitness. Thus, it is considered a crucial element for understanding children and adolescents' health status and their physical activity-related behaviours. Moreover, the self-perceived fitness should also be considered. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the relationship between physical literacy and self-perceived physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 8-12 years. METHODS: A single-measure cross-sectional study was conducted with 135 children and adolescents. Anthropometric measurements and the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy Development (CAPL-2) were applied. Descriptive statistics and correlations were calculated. The Fitness Perception Scale for Adolescents (FP VAS A) scale was also administered to assess participants' self-perceived fitness. RESULTS: Moderate significant correlations were found between "physical competence", "motivation and confidence", and the total CAPL-2 score with FP VAS A. CONCLUSIONS: The influence of motivation on self-perceived fitness has been demonstrated. Moreover, cardiorespiratory fitness could be considered one of the most relevant and influential factors in the total CAPL-2 score. It means that higher levels of self-perceived fitness would be associated with greater levels of physical literacy.

Influencia de la regucalcina en la pérdida de masa ósea / Influence of regucalcin on bone loss

Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo ha sido revisar la literatura científica con relación al papel de la regucalcina en la pérdida de masa ósea. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed. Se encontraron 31 artículos. Tras analizar su contenido y aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, un total de 13 artículos fueron incluidos. Resultados: La disminución en el contenido de calcio femoral observado en ratones transgénicos con regucalcina se observó con el aumento de la edad, lo que sugiere que la pérdida ósea no se restaura con el modelado óseo. De la misma manera, se encontró que la adición de regucalcina con 1 a 100 nM estimulaba significativamente la actividad basal de NF-kB (P<0.01). Se apreció una disminución significativa en el contenido de ADN en los tejidos metafisarios femorales, con una mayor disminución en hembras que en machos, siendo estos valores: 3.3 mg/g pasaron a ser 2.6 mg/g en las hembras (P<0.01). La reabsorción ósea osteoclástica aumentó en ratones transgénicos con regucalcina machos y hembras con edad creciente. La regucalcina exógena revela efectos supresores sobre la osteoblastogénesis y la mineralización in vitro y que no tuvo efectos sobre la proliferación celular y la apoptosis en las células osteoblásticas en cultivos a corto plazo. Conclusión: La regucalcina desempeña un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento del homeostasis celular y la función de la respuesta celular en relación a la masa ósea.(AU)

Purpose: The aim of this work has been to review the scientific literature regarding the role of regucalcin in bone loss.Method: A bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed database. A total of 31 articles were used. After analyzing its content and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 13 articles were included.Results: The decrease in femoral calcium content observed in regucalcin transgenic mice decreased with increasing age, suggesting that bone loss is not restored with bone modeling. In the same way, it was found that the addition of regucalcin with 1 to 100 nM significantly stimulated the baseline activity of NF-kB (P <0.01). Likewise, there was a significant decrease in the DNA content in femoral metaphyseal tissues, with a greater decrease in females than in males, these values ​​being: 3,3 mg / g became 2,6 mg / g (P <0.01). Osteoclastic bone resorption increased in male and female transgenic regucalcin mice with increasing age. Also, exogenous regucalcin reveals suppressive effects on osteoblastogenesis and mineralization in vitro and that it had no effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in osteoblast cells in short-term cultures.Conclusion: Regucalcin plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of cell homeostasis and the function of the cellular response in relation to bone mass.(AU)

Efecto del entrenamiento con traje de electroestimulación de cuerpo entero en las adaptaciones neuromusculares en individuos desentrenados - Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, protocolo de estudio / Effect of full body electrostimulation training (WB-EMS) on neuromuscular adaptations in untrained individuals - Randomized clinical trial, study protocol

INTRODUCCIÓN: La electroestimulación es un método de entrenamiento utilizados en el ámbito deportivo que ha demostrado ser efectivo para mejorar manifestaciones de fuerza como la potencia muscular. Actualmente, no se conoce literatura científica en la que se aplique un programa de entrenamiento con traje de electroestimulación. Por ello, este estudio pretende llevar a cabo un programa para ver qué efectos tiene sobre las adaptaciones neuromusculares en sujetos no entrenados. OBJETIVO: estudiar las alteraciones neuronales y musculares que ocurren en el entrenamiento activo de electroestimulación aplicada con traje de cuerpo entero en los músculos extensores de brazos y extensores de la pierna. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizará un estudio controlado aleatorizado entre grupos. El diseño experimental del estudio permitirá analizar las adaptaciones neuromusculares que ocurren con el entrenamiento de electroestimulación aplicada con traje de cuerpo entero y compararlas a las de un entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional. Las variables dependientes medidas serán: actividad electromiografía en test de fuerza isométrica máxima, valor de fuerza máxima, tasa de producción de fuerza, indicadores de adaptación neurales. El programa se llevará a cabo durante 24 sesiones, 2 veces por semana, durante 12 semanas. RESULTADOS ESPERADOS: Se espera conseguir una mayor activación neuromuscular con la combinación de electroestimulación aplicada con traje de cuerpo entero. Independientemente de los resultados obtenidos, sean estos positivos o negativos, el estudio final será publicado

INTRODUCTION: Electrostimulation is a method of training used in sports that has been shown to be effective in improving strength manifestations such muscle power. Currently, there is no known scientific literature in which a training program with electrostimulation suit is applied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to carry out a program to see the effects on neuromuscular adaptations in untrained subjects. OBJECTIVE: to study the neuronal and muscular adaptations that occur in the active electrostimulation training applied with a full body suit on the extensor muscles of the arms and extensors of the leg. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized controlled study between groups. The experimental design of the study will allow us to analyze the neuromuscular adaptations that occur with the electrostimulation training applied with a full body suit and compare them to those of a traditional strength training. The dependent variables measured will be: electromyography activity in maximum isometric force test, maximum force value, force production rate, neural adaptation indicators. The program will be carried out during 24 sessions, twice a week, for 12 weeks. EXPECTED RESULTS: We expect to achieve greater neuromuscular activation with the combination of electrostimulation applied with full body suit. Regardless of the results obtained, the final study will be published

Short-term branched-chain amino acid supplementation does not enhance vertical jump in professional volleyball players. A double-blind, controlled, randomized study / La suplementación con BCAA no mejora el salto vertical en los jugadores de voleibol profesionales. Estudio doble ciego, controlado y aleatorizado

To the best of the author's knowledge, no previous studies have described the effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on vertical performance during a week in professional volleyball players. This study assessed BCAA supplementation for a week, aiming to improve vertical jump performance in male professional volleyball players. Twelve male volleyballers were randomly assigned to a BCAA group (n = 6) or a control group (n = 6). The BCAA group ingested 21 g over a week, 7 g per day on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, before a volleyball training session, while the control group drank a placebo drink. Participants performed 8 maximal countermovement jumps (CMJ); the 3 CMJs on Monday and Wednesday were evaluated after warm-up, after plyometric training, and at the end of the training session; and the 2 CMJs on Friday were evaluated after warm-up, and at the end of the training session. Compared with baseline, no significant differences in CMJ over the week were observed in BCAA or control group, neither between groups. The results indicated that 21 g of BCAA supplementation over a week did not improve vertical jump performance in professional volleyball players

Hasta donde los autores saben, no se han descrito estudios previos sobre el efecto de los aminoácidos ramificados (BCAA) en el rendimiento vertical durante una semana en jugadores de voleibol profesionales. Este artículo estudió la suplementación de BCAA durante una semana con el objeto de mejorar el rendimiento del salto vertical en jugadores de voleibol profesionales masculinos. Doce jugadores de voleibol masculinos se asignaron aleatoriamente a un grupo con BCAA (n = 6) o a un grupo de control (n = 6). El grupo con BCAA ingirió 21 g en una semana, 7 g por día los lunes, miércoles y viernes antes de la sesión de entrenamiento de voleibol, mientras que el grupo de control bebió una bebida placebo. Los participantes realizaron 8 saltos máximos de contramovimiento (CMJ); los 3 CMJ de lunes y miércoles se evaluaron después del calentamiento y del entrenamiento pliométrico, y al final de la sesión de entrenamiento; los 2 CMJ del viernes se evaluaron después del calentamiento y al final de la sesión de entrenamiento. En comparación con el valor inicial, no se observaron diferencias significativas en los CMJ a lo largo de la semana, ni en el grupo BCAA ni en el grupo control, tampoco hubo diferencias entre grupos. Los resultados indicaron que 21 g de BCAA administrados durante una semana no mejoraron el rendimiento del salto vertical en jugadores de voleibol profesionales

Short-term branched-chain amino acid supplementation does not enhance vertical jump in professional volleyball players. A double-blind, controlled, randomized study.

INTRODUCTION: To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous studies have described the effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on vertical performance during a week in professional volleyball players. This study assessed BCAA supplementation for a week, aiming to improve vertical jump performance in male professional volleyball players. Twelve male volleyballers were randomly assigned to a BCAA group (n = 6) or a control group (n = 6). The BCAA group ingested 21 g over a week, 7 g per day on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, before a volleyball training session, while the control group drank a placebo drink. Participants performed 8 maximal countermovement jumps (CMJ); the 3 CMJs on Monday and Wednesday were evaluated after warm-up, after plyometric training, and at the end of the training session; and the 2 CMJs on Friday were evaluated after warm-up, and at the end of the training session. Compared with baseline, no significant differences in CMJ over the week were observed in BCAA or control group, neither between groups. The results indicated that 21 g of BCAA supplementation over a week did not improve vertical jump performance in professional volleyball players.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Hasta donde los autores saben, no se han descrito estudios previos sobre el efecto de los aminoácidos ramificados (BCAA) en el rendimiento vertical durante una semana en jugadores de voleibol profesionales. Este artículo estudió la suplementación de BCAA durante una semana con el objeto de mejorar el rendimiento del salto vertical en jugadores de voleibol profesionales masculinos. Doce jugadores de voleibol masculinos se asignaron aleatoriamente a un grupo con BCAA (n = 6) o a un grupo de control (n = 6). El grupo con BCAA ingirió 21 g en una semana, 7 g por día los lunes, miércoles y viernes antes de la sesión de entrenamiento de voleibol, mientras que el grupo de control bebió una bebida placebo. Los participantes realizaron 8 saltos máximos de contramovimiento (CMJ); los 3 CMJ de lunes y miércoles se evaluaron después del calentamiento y del entrenamiento pliométrico, y al final de la sesión de entrenamiento; los 2 CMJ del viernes se evaluaron después del calentamiento y al final de la sesión de entrenamiento. En comparación con el valor inicial, no se observaron diferencias significativas en los CMJ a lo largo de la semana, ni en el grupo BCAA ni en el grupo control, tampoco hubo diferencias entre grupos. Los resultados indicaron que 21 g de BCAA administrados durante una semana no mejoraron el rendimiento del salto vertical en jugadores de voleibol profesionales.

Seis semanas de ejercicio físico mejoran la capacidad funcional y la composición corporal en pacientes con Alzheimer / Six weeks of physical exercise improve functional capacity and body composition in Alzheimer's patients

OBJETIVO: El propósito de este estudio fue conocer si seis semanas de ejercicio físico podrían mejorar la condición física y la composición corporal en personas diagnosticadas de Alzheimer. MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo un programa de entrenamiento donde 13 individuos (78,5±6,4 años) diagnosticados de Alzheimer, realizaron dos sesiones semanales de entrenamiento, en una de ellas se hizo ejercicio aeróbico en cicloergómetro y en la otra, trabajo de equilibrio, fuerza y coordinación. RESULTADOS: Encontramos cambios significativos en la composición corporal (disminución de masa grasa, y aumento de masa muscular), y en la capacidad funcional, reflejados por la mejora en el test de "sentarse y levantarse de una silla", el test de "levantarse, caminar y volverse a sentar", en la escala de Berg y en las mediciones de la velocidad de la marcha. Las mediciones de dinamometría manual se mantuvieron constantes o mejoraron levemente sin significación suficiente. CONCLUSIÓN: La combinación de entrenamiento aeróbico con ejercicios de fuerza, equilibrio y coordinación, dos veces por semana, durante seis semanas en personas con Alzheimer, podría mejorar la capacidad funcional y la composición corporal. Sin embargo, no parece claro que este protocolo de entrenamiento permita mejorar la fuerza de prensión manual

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to know if six weeks of physical exercise allowed to improve physical condition and body composition in people diagnosed with Alzheimer's. METHOD: A training program was carried out where 13 individuals (78.5 ± 6.4 years) diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, performed two weekly training sessions, in one of them aerobic exercise was performed in a cycle ergometer and in the other, they performed balance, strength and coordination exercises. RESULTS: We found significant changes in body composition (decrease in fat mass, and increase in muscle mass), and in functional capacity, reflected by the improvement in the "sitting and getting up from a chair" test, the "getting up," walk and sit down again ", on the Berg scale and on gait speed measurements. The manual dynamometry measurements remained constant or improved slightly without sufficient significance. CONCLUSION: The combination of aerobic training with strength, balance and coordination exercises, twice a week, for six weeks in people with Alzheimer's, could improve functional capacity and body composition. However, it is not clear that this training protocol allows to improve manual grip strength